Lab Project Unit 1 – Animal Cell

For this lab project I made an animal cell. Since I’m a poor Biology student I use common goods found in my house. I started by placing the different goods out to see what might best represent the different pars of the cell. These are what I came up with.
Nucleus- I used an egg cut in half, this was a good representation because the yoke looked like the nucleolus inside of the nucleus.
Endoplasmic Reticulum- I used silver rope bunched together.
Mitochondria- The red pepper I used because the shapes were similar.
Lysosomes- The yellow peppers also fit the mold.
Golgi- I used small onions due to the fact that the inside of the onion have different layers.
Vesicles- These small little storages and transporter were represented by the small seeds in my cell.
Cytoplasm- I used the basis of all life, and since most of a cell is made of it. Water dyed.
The cell membrane and all of its organelles where placed on a plate. The over all look was some what goofy and I feel that our cells are probably the same, but much more organized. The over all experience was difficult because of the budget and what was expected. To represent the basics of all life and make the statement of knowledge of it came to me as a challenge. I have learned much of the cellular structure and it methods, below is a more detailed description of what I have learned.

My Animal cell

The basic parts of my cell are made up of --------- as shown in the picture. The parts represent the cells different working parts as labeled.

Nucleus
-Nuclear envelope, protection and covering of nucleus.
-Nucleolus, produces subunits of ribosomes.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
-Rough ER, studded with Ribosome’s
-Smooth ER, synthesizes lipids
Mitochondria
-An organelle
-Carries out cellular respiration.
-Produces ATP molecules during process, our energy.
Lysosomes
-Cellular (garbage men)
- Digest macromolecules, and dead cell parts.
Golgi
- modifies cellular products
-Process and package
Vesicle
- Sacs in the cell that store and transport substances.
Cillia
-Propel cell around with fluid like motions.
Cytoplasm
- Fluid outside of nucleus that contains organelles

Animal cell Mitosis

Using these general objects I can show how an animal cell during the phases of Mitosis divides.
The Prophase begins the process as the cells nucleolus disappears and the new duplicated chromosome begin to move apart. The cell itself begins to for a spindle for the chromosomes to attach too.
The metaphase allows the centomeres of the chromosomes to attach onto the spindle fibers. The spindle poles have moved to opposite side in the cell. The chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell.
The Anaphase starts to pull apart the chromosomes and now the sister chromatids move towards the poles. The new sister chromosomes match that of the parent cell and can continues passing on genetics.
The Telophase starts to envelope a nucleolus around the chromosomes. Cytokinesis begins to separate and make sister cells complete.

DNA Replication

- DNA and Proteins are contained in the cell nucleus.
- Chromosomes are the condensed and organized DNA and Protein.
-DNA is a double helix stand of information.
-The information can be split and passed on.
-When DNA splits the template pairing the Nucleic acid OF the DNA with strands of RNA.
-mRNA carries the genetic codes to ribosome’s to translate and synthesis proteins
-Proteins are synthesis two ways.
-Transcription, enzymes break the DNA double Helix and RNA join to the complementary bases. mRNA is now formed, the same genetic sequence as the DNA.
-Translation, takes place in the ribosome. RNA molecules and amino acids are synthesized allowing the ribosome’s to make proteins based on the genetic code.
- The DNA code is then regulated by gene expression and work toward Homeostasis.

During this lab project and Unit 1 I have been able to grasp the concept of the cells that make up the world. This very complex life is the foundation of my scientific education. Learning how the cell divides and what all of its components do to create life has been a bit challenging. I feel that with this base knowledge I will be able to further my education in human biology.