Table of Content
Chapter 5
Cardiovascular System
Heart
Vessels
Blood Vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Pumping Blood
Left side
Right side
Heart beat
Pulse
Blood pressure
Left side
Right side
Heart beat
Pulse
Blood pressure
Pathways
Capillaries Exchange
Capillary pressures
Capillaries Exchange
Capillary pressures
Lymphatic system
Cardiovascular Disorders
Disease
Hypertension
Diet
Chapter 6
Blood
Function
Red Blood Cells
Function
O2 transport
White Blood Cells
Function
Granular Leukocytes
Angranular Leukocytes
Disease
Hypertension
Diet
Chapter 6
Blood
Function
Red Blood Cells
Function
O2 transport
White Blood Cells
Function
Granular Leukocytes
Angranular Leukocytes
Blood Clotting
Platelets
Clotting
Blood Typing
Grouping
Type A
Type B
Type AB
Type O
Agglutination
RH Groups
Homeostasis
Systems working together
Chapter 7
Microbes and Pathogens
Bacteria
Viruses
Lymphatic System
Primary Organs
Secondary Organs
Defenses
Nonspecific
Specific
B cells
T cells
Chapter 5
Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart and blood vessels.
The heart pumps the blood through out the body in the blood vessels. The blood vessels carry need nutrients and gases to the capillary beds were exchange of fresh nutrients and gasses are taken by cells and used while waste is taken away and removed from the blood stream.
Blood Vessels
Arteries are thicker walled vessels that carry blood under higher pressure away from the heart.
Veins carry blood towards the heart under low pressure, using valves to keep blood flowing in one direction.
Capillaries are the smallest vessels were blood nutrients are exchanged for waste in between arteries and veins.
Pumping Blood
The heart pumps blood through out the body by using the left and right side of its structure.
Blood enters the heart into the right atrium and pass through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary system to rid the red blood cells of its CO2 in exchange for fresh O2. The blood returns to the heart through the left atrium and passes through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps blood through the aortic valve and into the body under Pressure that is measured in millimeters of mercury.
The heart is stimulated by two nodes that cause it to contract. The Sinoatrial node (SA) starts off contracting the atriums and sending the pace to the Atrioventricular node (AV). The AV node causes the ventricles to contract.
The pulse is the rate the heart beats at.
Blood pressure is the measurement of the blood against the walls of the vessels during contraction (systolic) and during rest (diastolic).
Blood flow is under pressure in the arteries until it reaches the capillaries, it then losses it velocity for nutrient and waste exchange. The blood flows into the veins at lower pressure returning to the heart.
The cardiovascular pathways are broken into two circuits. The pulmonary circuit is blood flowing to the lungs for O2 exchange. The systemic circuit is blood flowing through out the body to all of the organs and cells.
Capillary Exchange
The arterial end of the capillaries the greater pressure causes water to leave the capillaries due to lower osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure is greater on the venous end which allows the water to enter the capillaries. The water is picked up into the lymphatic system and returned to the blood on the venous side.
Cardiovascular Disorders
Cardiovascular disease in the number one cause in death in western countries. With atherosclerosis and hypertension causing stroke and heart attacks or vascular aneurysms. Keeping a health diet and exercising regularly can prevent heart disease.
Chapter 6
Blood
The function of blood is to transport nutrients, hormones, O2 to cells. Transport waste and CO2 from cells, fight and rid body of infections. Regulate body tempature, and control PH balance.
The plasma that makes up is 91% H2O, and is produced in the liver. Plasma regulates Osmotic pressure, transports and helps with clotting factors in vessels.
Red Blood Cells (RBC’s)
The release of erythropoietin causes the production of RBC’s.
The main function of RBC’s is transport of O2.
White Blood Cells (WBC’s)
WBC’s function is to combat disease.
Granular Leukocytes respond first to infection, sucking up unwanted substances.
Agranular Leukocytes are larger WBC’s and are for specific immunity
WBC’s have a life span of about 120 days
Blood Clotting
A platelets function is in clotting and come from red bone marrow.
Platelets and proteins in plasma combine creating fibrin threads which trap RBC’s and cause the clotting and blood stop.
Blood Typing
Determining the ABO group or presence or lack of different antigens.
Type A- Surface A, anti B antibodies
Type B- Surface B, anti A antibodies
Type AB- neither anti A or anti B antibodies, both A, B surface antigens
Type O- neither A, B surface antigens, both anti A, B antibodies
Agglutination- putting corresponding antigens and antibodies together
Homeostasis
This is very important with the cardiovascular system because it take make factors for the system to run smoothly. The heart just doesn’t need to pump the blood but the pulmonary system needs to provide the right amount of O2 and CO2 exchange. The digestive system needs to provide the proper nutrients, and the nervous and endocrine system needs to control the blood pressures to move the blood through out the body.
Microbes and Pathogens
Bacteria are cells the reproduce independently of possible host cells. The produce toxins and can reproduce inside of a host cell.
Viruses are proteins coated and cause a host cell to reproduce with their genetic code by taking over the cell. The new cells emerge with viral diseases which are tuff to combat.
Lymphatic System
Lymphatic vessels connect the system to the circulatory system.
The primary organs are the red bone marrow that makes the B cell, and the thymus glands were the T cells are made.
The secondary organs are the lymph nodes the clean waste out of the lymph, and the spleen that cleans the blood of debris.
Defenses
Two types of defense.
NON specific
Barriers and protective protein.
The inflammatory reaction.
SPECIFIC
B Cells and T Cells are the body’s defense to foreign and abnormal molecules.
T cells actually go out and destroy the cells.
B cells mark the cells or foreign cells to be recognized and destroyed.
Platelets
Clotting
Blood Typing
Grouping
Type A
Type B
Type AB
Type O
Agglutination
RH Groups
Homeostasis
Systems working together
Chapter 7
Microbes and Pathogens
Bacteria
Viruses
Lymphatic System
Primary Organs
Secondary Organs
Defenses
Nonspecific
Specific
B cells
T cells
Chapter 5
Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart and blood vessels.
The heart pumps the blood through out the body in the blood vessels. The blood vessels carry need nutrients and gases to the capillary beds were exchange of fresh nutrients and gasses are taken by cells and used while waste is taken away and removed from the blood stream.
Blood Vessels
Arteries are thicker walled vessels that carry blood under higher pressure away from the heart.
Veins carry blood towards the heart under low pressure, using valves to keep blood flowing in one direction.
Capillaries are the smallest vessels were blood nutrients are exchanged for waste in between arteries and veins.
Pumping Blood
The heart pumps blood through out the body by using the left and right side of its structure.
Blood enters the heart into the right atrium and pass through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary system to rid the red blood cells of its CO2 in exchange for fresh O2. The blood returns to the heart through the left atrium and passes through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps blood through the aortic valve and into the body under Pressure that is measured in millimeters of mercury.
The heart is stimulated by two nodes that cause it to contract. The Sinoatrial node (SA) starts off contracting the atriums and sending the pace to the Atrioventricular node (AV). The AV node causes the ventricles to contract.
The pulse is the rate the heart beats at.
Blood pressure is the measurement of the blood against the walls of the vessels during contraction (systolic) and during rest (diastolic).
Blood flow is under pressure in the arteries until it reaches the capillaries, it then losses it velocity for nutrient and waste exchange. The blood flows into the veins at lower pressure returning to the heart.
The cardiovascular pathways are broken into two circuits. The pulmonary circuit is blood flowing to the lungs for O2 exchange. The systemic circuit is blood flowing through out the body to all of the organs and cells.
Capillary Exchange
The arterial end of the capillaries the greater pressure causes water to leave the capillaries due to lower osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure is greater on the venous end which allows the water to enter the capillaries. The water is picked up into the lymphatic system and returned to the blood on the venous side.
Cardiovascular Disorders
Cardiovascular disease in the number one cause in death in western countries. With atherosclerosis and hypertension causing stroke and heart attacks or vascular aneurysms. Keeping a health diet and exercising regularly can prevent heart disease.
Chapter 6
Blood
The function of blood is to transport nutrients, hormones, O2 to cells. Transport waste and CO2 from cells, fight and rid body of infections. Regulate body tempature, and control PH balance.
The plasma that makes up is 91% H2O, and is produced in the liver. Plasma regulates Osmotic pressure, transports and helps with clotting factors in vessels.
Red Blood Cells (RBC’s)
The release of erythropoietin causes the production of RBC’s.
The main function of RBC’s is transport of O2.
White Blood Cells (WBC’s)
WBC’s function is to combat disease.
Granular Leukocytes respond first to infection, sucking up unwanted substances.
Agranular Leukocytes are larger WBC’s and are for specific immunity
WBC’s have a life span of about 120 days
Blood Clotting
A platelets function is in clotting and come from red bone marrow.
Platelets and proteins in plasma combine creating fibrin threads which trap RBC’s and cause the clotting and blood stop.
Blood Typing
Determining the ABO group or presence or lack of different antigens.
Type A- Surface A, anti B antibodies
Type B- Surface B, anti A antibodies
Type AB- neither anti A or anti B antibodies, both A, B surface antigens
Type O- neither A, B surface antigens, both anti A, B antibodies
Agglutination- putting corresponding antigens and antibodies together
Homeostasis
This is very important with the cardiovascular system because it take make factors for the system to run smoothly. The heart just doesn’t need to pump the blood but the pulmonary system needs to provide the right amount of O2 and CO2 exchange. The digestive system needs to provide the proper nutrients, and the nervous and endocrine system needs to control the blood pressures to move the blood through out the body.
Microbes and Pathogens
Bacteria are cells the reproduce independently of possible host cells. The produce toxins and can reproduce inside of a host cell.
Viruses are proteins coated and cause a host cell to reproduce with their genetic code by taking over the cell. The new cells emerge with viral diseases which are tuff to combat.
Lymphatic System
Lymphatic vessels connect the system to the circulatory system.
The primary organs are the red bone marrow that makes the B cell, and the thymus glands were the T cells are made.
The secondary organs are the lymph nodes the clean waste out of the lymph, and the spleen that cleans the blood of debris.
Defenses
Two types of defense.
NON specific
Barriers and protective protein.
The inflammatory reaction.
SPECIFIC
B Cells and T Cells are the body’s defense to foreign and abnormal molecules.
T cells actually go out and destroy the cells.
B cells mark the cells or foreign cells to be recognized and destroyed.
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